• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an optical element (10, 30) for influencing the light output of lighting means, in particular one or more LEDs (200), wherein the optical element (10, 30) consists of a light-permeable material and has at least one surface area (12, 33 , 35), which serves as a light-refracting light entry surface or light exit surface of the optical element (10, 30) and which has a non-planar, light-directing geometry, the surface area (12, 33, 35) having a structure (20, 40), which was created by thermal processing, in particular by thermal reshaping of the optical element (10, 30) or a tool with a corresponding shape used to produce the optical element (10, 30), for example an injection molding tool.
    公开号:AT17161U1
    申请号:TGM166/2015U
    申请日:2015-06-22
    公开日:2021-07-15
    发明作者:Ebner Stephan；Schwärzler Erich
    申请人:Zumtobel Lighting Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    description
    OPTICAL ELEMENT FOR INFLUENCING THE LIGHT EMISSION OF LIGHT SOURCES
    The present invention relates to an optical element according to the preamble of claim 1, which is provided for influencing the light output of lighting means and consists of a translucent material, the element having a surface area that serves as a refractive light entry surface or light exit surface of the optical element and which has a non-planar, light-directing geometry. In particular, the present invention relates to an optical element for influencing the light output of one or more LEDs, an arrangement for light output and a method for producing such an optical element.
    Illuminants in general, but in particular LEDs, require optical systems to adapt the light output to a desired light emission characteristic, with the aid of which the light emitted by the illuminants is directed in a desired direction. As already mentioned, such optical systems are required in particular when using LEDs as light sources, since LEDs emit light in a very wide angular range, but usually only light output within a defined range is desired. In particular, lens systems which direct the light in the desired direction via physical refraction properties have proven to be advantageous.
    An optical element known from the prior art, which is provided to influence the light of a plurality of LEDs arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction, is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, FIG - | of Figure 5 corresponds.
    The optical element shown in Figure 5, generally provided with the reference numeral 100 consists of a plurality of lens bodies 110 arranged one behind the other, each of which has an LED or an LED cluster consisting, for example, of three LEDs in the colors red, green and is assigned to blue. Each lens body 110 is designed in the same way and, corresponding to the sectional view of FIG. On the opposite side of this recess 111 is the light emitting surface 115, which is connected to the light entry area via the circumferential jacket surface 114. More complex lens systems with e.g. a beam splitter or multi-stage optical systems are also conceivable.
    The mode of operation of these optics, which are already known per se, can be understood using the beam path, which is indicated schematically in FIG.
    It can be seen that part of the light emitted by the LED 200 enters the lens body 110 via the curved bottom surface 112 of the recess 111. This light is refracted to a greater or lesser extent during the transition into the lens body 110, then hits the light exit surface 115 in the next step and is emitted via this to the underside. On the other hand, light, which is more likely to be emitted from the side of the LED 200, enters the lens body 110 via the circumferential surface 113 of the recess 111, in such a way that it strikes the lateral surface 114 of the lens body from the inside. The shape of the lens body 110 is designed in such a way that these light rays are totally reflected on the lateral surface 114. In this case, they are in turn deflected towards the underside in such a way that they can leave the lens body 110 via its bottom surface 115.
    Such optics or lenses are, as already mentioned, known from the prior art and have proven themselves many times, since the light that is emitted by the LED 200 in a wide variety of directions, despite everything almost completely used and efficiently via the light exit surface, which is formed by the bottom surface 115 can be dispensed. Accordingly, such optics are highly efficient.
    [0008] Lens systems of this type are usually formed from a crystal-clear material, in particular from plastic. It has been found to be problematic that, with the help of such lenses, the LED light can be efficiently bundled and emitted to the underside, but the light entering the lens body 110 via the bottom surface 112 on the one hand and the light totally reflected on the lateral surface 114 on the other hand not can be completely overlaid. As can be seen in FIG Illumination field can be illuminated by the totally reflected light, that is to say from the LED 200 rather laterally emitted light. Since LEDs have a certain angle dependency with regard to the wavelength of the emitted light, e.g. light of a longer wavelength is emitted laterally, this has the consequence that inhomogeneities, in particular bright spots or brightness transitions and / or color irregularities, can arise in the lighting field. These are perceived as unsightly or annoying and should be avoided.
    In order to improve the appearance with regard to uniform illumination, it is accordingly already known in the lens systems shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 to conceal the unsightly and disturbing images by means of diffuse-scattering areas. Here, the light exit surface 115 of the optics is provided with a slightly scattering structure in order to compensate for the irregularities described above.
    The introduction of these scattering structures takes place by a corresponding roughening of the surface, strictly speaking not the optical element itself is processed but instead the injection molding tool usually provided for producing the optical element. In this case, that surface of the tool which is later responsible for the design of the light exit surface is provided with a corresponding surface roughness, which is then transferred to the light exit surface of the lens.
    By such measures, the appearance can be improved compared to a perfectly planar light exit surface of the lens body, but these scattering structures lead to disturbances due to the inevitably associated irregularities and discontinuities in the surface, which lead to light at least partially undefined in unwanted directions are given. Ultimately, this leads to partial losses in the light output and even to annoying glare from the entire LED luminaire. The scattering structures also limit the possibilities of influencing the light output in a targeted manner.
    As an alternative measure, it is therefore known to provide the light exit surface of the lens with a light-directing, non-planar geometry by which the light emission properties of the lens are additionally influenced. For example, it is common in the prior art to provide light exit surfaces of optical elements with prismatic structures, which are also intended to make the light output more uniform and, if necessary, to focus the light on a specific angular range. However, these geometries are also limited in terms of their mode of operation or again have edges and the like at which uncontrolled scattering of the light occurs.
    The present invention is therefore based on the object of avoiding the disadvantages described above in optical elements for influencing the light output of lighting means.
    The object is achieved by an optical element for influencing the light output of lighting means, which has the features of claim 1. Advantageous further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
    The solution according to the invention is based on the idea of providing the light-refracting surface area of the optical element, in addition to a light-directing geometry, with a structure which is superimposed on or follows and through the light-directing geometry
    thermal reshaping of the optical element itself or a tool used to manufacture the optical element with a corresponding shape, e.g. an injection molding tool. In contrast to the original surface shape with the light-directing geometry, which is created, for example, by mechanical processing of the optical element itself, but in particular by appropriate design of the injection molding tool, this additional structure is created in a very special way that ultimately leads to it that the light output can be influenced even better and more efficiently by the optical element. With the help of thermal processing, a surface is ultimately created that is continuous, that is, without undefined cracks, edges or the like. This ultimately leads to the fact that, for example, the desired equalization, through which inhomogeneities are avoided in the area to be illuminated, is achieved. In particular, however, uncontrollable scattering of the light can be avoided as far as possible in comparison to a conventionally created scattering structure.
    According to the present invention, an optical element for influencing the light output of lighting means, in particular for influencing the light output of one or more LEDs is proposed, wherein the optical element consists of a light-permeable material and has at least one surface area that acts as a light-refracting light inlet surface or The light exit surface of the optical element is used and which has a non-planar, light-directing geometry, and wherein, according to the invention, the surface area has a structure following the light-directing geometry, which is used by thermal processing, in particular by thermal reshaping, of the optical element or one used to manufacture the optical element Tool with appropriate shape, such as an injection molding tool was created.
    Furthermore, according to the invention, a tool with a corresponding shape for creating an optical element for influencing the light output of lighting means is proposed, in particular an injection molding tool, the tool having a surface area which is used to form a light-refracting light entry surface or light exit surface of the optical element with a non-planar, light-directing geometry is provided, and wherein the surface area of the tool is provided with a structure following this light-directing geometry, which structure was created by thermal processing, in particular by thermal deformation of the tool.
    In addition, a method for creating an optical element for influencing the light output of lighting means is proposed, wherein the optical element consists of a translucent material and has at least one surface area that serves as a refractive light entrance surface or light exit surface of the optical element and one does not - has flat, light-directing geometry, and wherein, according to the invention, the surface area is provided with a structure following the light-directing geometry by thermal deformation.
    Finally, a method for creating an optical element for influencing the light output of lighting means is proposed, wherein the optical element consists of a translucent material and has at least one surface area that serves as a refractive light entrance surface or light exit surface of the optical element and one does not -even, light-directing geometry, and wherein the optical element is created by injection molding and the surface of the injection molding tool corresponding to the surface area is provided with a structure following the light-directing geometry, which was created by thermal processing, in particular by thermal forming.
    The decisive optical properties of the optical element according to the invention are still primarily determined by the light-directing geometry of the refractive surface, but the light output can also be optimized with the aid of the additionally applied structure, the order of magnitude of which is well below that of the light-directing geometry will. As will be described in more detail below, this additional structure can be designed in such a way that it uses the global light output properties of the light-directing
    does not affect the geometry at all, but merely causes a more uniform light emission; however, there is also the possibility of designing this additional geometry in such a way that the radiation properties of the optical element are deliberately slightly modified.
    The thermal processing of the optical element, but in particular of the tool used for production, is preferably carried out with the aid of a laser. Corresponding processing methods for surfaces are already known from the prior art, but have so far not been used for processing optical elements, in particular not for processing the light-refracting surfaces of optical elements. It has now been shown, however, that with the aid of this method the refractive surfaces of optical elements can be designed in the desired manner extremely efficiently.
    The structure of the surface region preferably has a continuous wave-like or periodic shape, at least in the region of a first direction. It would also be conceivable to superimpose two continuous wave-like structures, which in particular are aligned essentially perpendicular to one another, there being basically no restrictions with regard to the design of the structure. The thermal processing of the injection molding tool makes it possible to create structures whose wavelength is in the range from a few to a few micrometers, typically around 50-500 μm. Smaller or larger wavelengths could also be realized, although in this case the desired scattering function of the structure then increases or decreases again. The elevations of the wave-like structures can be in the range of a few micrometers, typically about 5-100 μm. Structures of this size would not be possible by machining surfaces with a corresponding degree of accuracy.
    Instead, irregularities or cracks would always arise, which, however, are avoided with the solution according to the invention.
    To clarify, it should be pointed out here that the structure realized with the aid of the solution according to the invention is referred to as a scatter structure, since it is still intended to fulfill the above-mentioned task of the scatter structure used in the prior art, namely an equalization of the light output to achieve, however, in the case according to the invention, no classic diffuse scattering when there is no statistical deflection of the light beams. Instead, the solution according to the invention is characterized in that, due to the constant and differentiable surface design that can be achieved with it, the light rays can be influenced by refraction in a very controllable manner.
    The optical element according to the invention preferably consists of a crystal-clear plastic material (alternatively, glass or silicone would also be conceivable), the structure also preferably being formed on the entire light exit surface of the optical element.
    The optical element according to the invention can in particular be a lens, particularly preferably a lens whose basic structure corresponds to that shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, that is to say is known from the prior art . However, the concept according to the invention can be used much more flexibly and can also be used with other optical elements.
    The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawing. Show it:
    Figures 1a to 1c representations of the mode of operation of the structure additionally applied according to the invention on a light-directing surface of a bi-convex lens;
    FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a lens designed according to the invention, the light exit surface of which is provided at least in sections with an additional structure;
    FIG. 3 shows a third exemplary embodiment of a lens, the light entry surface of which is provided with an additional structure according to the invention;
    FIGS. 4a to 4c show a further possibility for designing the light exit surface of a lens according to the present invention and
    Figures 5 and 6 an optical element known from the prior art.
    Using a very simple example, which is shown in Figures 1a to 1c, the mode of operation of the additional structuring according to the invention will first be explained. In principle, however, the inventive concept of structuring a light-refracting surface of an optical element by means of thermal processing can be applied to all types of optical elements.
    FIG. 1 a shows the mode of operation of a lens 10 designed according to the prior art, ie not yet provided with the structure according to the invention, in a sectional view will affect. It consists of a crystal-clear material and has two curved light-refracting surfaces, on the one hand the light entry surface 11 facing the LED 200 and on the other hand the light exit surface 12 facing away from the LED 200. Both surfaces 11 and 12 are convex in the present case, i.e. each outwards curved. This results in an influence on the bundle of rays emitted by the light source 200, which can be seen on the basis of the two schematically illustrated external ray paths. When entering the lens 10 via the light entry surface 11 and when subsequently exiting via the light exit surface 12, the light rays are refracted, whereby in the present case in particular the resulting opening angle a2 of the beam is reduced compared to the original opening angle a +. With the aid of the lens 10 shown, the light is thus easily bundled.
    In the event that both refractive surfaces 11 and 12, but in particular the light exit surface 12 apart from the convex curvature, have a smooth surface, the problem already explained with reference to FIG Inhomogeneities can occur in the region, which can be attributed to the fact that the emission of the light by the LED 200 within the beam is not the same in all directions and, in particular, the wavelength of the emitted light can also be angularly dependent.
    In comparison to the lens 10 shown in FIG. 1a, designed according to the prior art, the lens 10 shown in FIG 1c is shown. In the exemplary embodiment shown, this scattering structure 20 thus has an approximately wave-like course which follows the refractive geometry, that is to say the original convex curvature shown in dashed lines, and which was achieved in the manner described below.
    According to the invention it is provided that the scattering structure 20 is created in a defined manner, which ensures that the scattering structure 20 is designed to be continuous, more precisely even continuous and differentiable. That is, the structure 20 according to the invention has neither cracks nor kinks or edges through which undesired light scattering could arise. Instead, as will be explained in more detail below, the structure 20 can define the overall light emitted by the lens 10 and influence it extremely efficiently in the desired manner in order to achieve a desired light emission.
    The scattering structure 20 is therefore not achieved by mechanical processing of the lens or the preferably injection molding tool used for production, but rather obtained in that, for example, the light exit surface 12 of the lens 10, but preferably the injection molding tool used to produce the lens 10 is thermally processed . Since thermal processing of the injection molding tool - or also of another tool with a corresponding shape used to produce the optical element - results in the
    manufactured lenses no longer have to be processed individually afterwards in order to achieve the scattering structure 20, it is of course preferable to introduce the complementary scattering structure into the surface of the tool. In principle, however, the principle described could also be applied directly to the optical element.
    In the context of the thermal treatment, there is no lifting mechanical processing or other structuring, for example by means of photochemical etching, but rather the surface is merely reshaped. This structuring is preferably carried out with the aid of laser radiation, whereby no material is removed from the tool surface, but instead the material is redistributed in the molten state by modulating the molten bath volume. It is possible to specifically influence the volume of the melt pool by modulating the laser power accordingly and thus also to shape the surface structure in the desired manner. The advantage of this approach is that the material of the injection molding tool - or possibly also of the optical element - solidifies directly from the melt after thermal processing, so that, apart from the targeted structuring, a uniform, in principle negligible roughness is achieved . The surface of the tool is therefore structured in the desired manner on the one hand, and, on the other hand, in principle also polished at the same time, so that an almost ideally constant and differentiable surface structure is actually created within the scope of the desired order of magnitude. In principle, other thermal processing of the surface could also be carried out as an alternative to the use of the laser beam, it is essential that no mechanical processing takes place, but rather the surface is reshaped by the targeted introduction of heat.
    In a simple form, with the aid of the procedure according to the invention, the light exit surface 12 of the lens 10 can be provided with a wave shape, as can be seen in the sectional view of FIG. 1c. The wave structure 20, which in the illustrated embodiment follows approximately a sinusoidal shape, but can in principle assume any shape that can be described by a mathematical equation, can for example be formed wave-shaped along one direction, but be translation-invariant in a direction perpendicular thereto, see above that in principle the convexly curved light exit surface 12 is formed with alternating elevations and depressions running in the longitudinal direction. However, it would also be conceivable in the same way to superimpose two wave structures that are aligned perpendicular to one another, so that ultimately a more matrix-like structure of elevations and depressions results. The structuring of the light exit surface 12 or generally the light-refracting surface of the optics can overlay the entire surface, but it would also be conceivable to specifically structure only a partial area, for example the light exit surface, in the desired manner.
    A conceivable order of magnitude of the structure that can be achieved with the aid of the procedure according to the invention is, for example, at a wavelength A, that is to say a distance between two successive elevations, in the range from a few to a few micrometers, approximately 50500 μm. The height h of the elevations can be in the range of a few micrometers, approximately 5-100 μm, whereby smaller or larger values are basically also conceivable, but these are then less efficient for achieving the influence on the light output described below.
    The mode of operation of this structuring 20 can be seen from FIG. 1b. It can be seen here that, in contrast to the beam path in the lens 10 according to FIG. Due to the lack of roughness on the surface of the light exit surface 12, however, there is no longer any uncontrolled scattering of the light rays leaving the lens 10, but the structuring 20 ultimately leads to a large number of very small but very precisely formed lens-like sections being achieved which the individual rays are expanded in a controlled manner. As a result, the loss of uncontrolled light is again significantly reduced. At the same time, the widening of the individual bundles of rays leads to a better mixing of the light on a surface to be illuminated - which is still primarily determined by the geometry of the lens 10, which ultimately
    finally leads to the fact that the inhomogeneities described at the beginning are reduced in the lighting.
    The inventive concept can be used in an extremely versatile manner, as is clear from the further exemplary embodiments.
    Thus, Figure 2 initially shows a further embodiment in which the light exit surface of a lens, which basically corresponds in its structure to the lens shown in Figures 5 and 6, is formed according to the present invention. The lens 30 according to the invention thus also has an approximately truncated cone-shaped lens body 31 - preferably consisting of crystal clear material, e.g. plastic or also glass or silicone - which has a recess 32 on its side facing the light source (not shown), the bottom surface 33 of which and circumferential surface 34 form the light entry surfaces. Again, that portion of the light that enters the lens body 31 via the preferably slightly lens-like, i.e. curved bottom surface 33 of the recess 32, is refracted in such a way that it hits the underside and thus the light exit surface 35 of the lens body 31 and exits here. Another part of the light, on the other hand, which enters the lens body 31 via the circumferential surface 34 of the recess 32, is totally reflected on the lateral surface 36 of the lens body 31 and then in turn leaves the lens 30 via the light exit surface 35.
    In the present case it is now provided that the light exit surface 35 is additionally provided with a macroscopic geometry in the form of a prism structure 38. This prism structure 38 can, for example, have either longitudinal prisms, triangular in cross section, or pyramidal prisms arranged in a matrix-like manner. However, according to the invention, an additional scattering structure 40 is superimposed on this prism structure 38, which was created in the manner described above by thermally reshaping either the lens 30 itself, but preferably the tool used to manufacture the lens 30.
    It is not absolutely necessary here for the additional scatter structure 40 to cover the entire light exit surface 35 and thus the prism structure 38. It would also be conceivable to additionally structure only part of the prism structure 38, for example only a central or outer area. It would also be conceivable, as shown in FIG. 2, to additionally provide only the flanks of the prism structure 38 pointing in one direction with the scattering structure. Such a specific superimposition of the macroscopic prism structure 38 with the scattering structure 40 can be provided, for example, if the light output is to be additionally optimized, in particular with regard to a specific lateral direction.
    Another exemplary embodiment of a lens 30 designed according to the invention is shown in FIG. In terms of its basic structure, the lens 30 again resembles the lens already known from the prior art or the lens according to FIG. 2, which is why the same reference numerals have been chosen for comparable components in the present case. In the example shown, however, it is now provided that the bottom surface 33 of the recess 32 is provided with a scattering structure 40. This was formed by two wave-like structures offset by 90 ° to one another, which ultimately lead to the illustrated matrix-like formation of elevations and depressions. In this case, the light is widened by the structure 40 as soon as it enters the lens body 31, with a more uniform illumination ultimately also being able to be achieved here.
    Of course, it would also be conceivable to provide corresponding scattering structures both on the light entry surface and on the light exit surface of the lens 30.
    In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, however, it can again be seen that the scattering structure is superimposed on the actual light-influencing geometry, ie in the present case the curvature of the bottom surface 31 and follows it.
    Finally, a fourth possibility for using the structuring according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 4a to 4c. The structuring 40 is again used in a lens 30 which, in terms of its structure, is similar to the lens known from the prior art.
    according to Figure 6 corresponds. The structuring 40 is in turn formed on the underside, that is to say the light exit surface of the lens 30. The enlarged illustration of a section of the light exit surface in Figure 450 shows that the basic geometry of the light exit surface follows a sawtooth-like structure in section, but this sawtooth-like structure is now overlaid with a slightly wave-like structure. Such a design of the light exit surface can be achieved, on the one hand, that the sawtooth shape is first established in a conventional manner, for example by mechanical processing of the injection molding tool, but then in the manner described above according to the invention, this sawtooth shape, which is produced in a classic manner, is finally determined by thermal processing surface design achieved is reshaped. As an alternative to this, it would also be conceivable to achieve the illustrated sawtooth structure exclusively by thermally reshaping an initially flat surface of the optics or the tool. In principle, with the aid of the method according to the invention described above, any structure that can be described by a mathematical equation can be implemented. The sawtooth shape shown could then be implemented, for example, by superimposing several correspondingly designed basic geometries, that is to say for example by superimposing several sinusoidal functions. The superposition, for example, of a non-continuous basic geometry with a continuous structure would also be conceivable according to the invention, as long as this superposition leads overall to a continuous surface structuring.
    Regardless of the way in which the surface design is achieved, however, a continuous and differentiable surface shape results, which leads to the advantages described above with regard to better controllability of the light output. The sawtooth shape shown also has the effect that - as shown, for example, by the beam courses of the enlarged section in FIG.
    However, this lateral deflection is additionally optimized by the wave-like structure in such a way that - as the beam courses in FIG. 4a, but in particular in FIG. 4c show - there is again a better mixing of the light which leaves the lens 30 in different areas. This means that, despite the targeted deflection of a larger proportion of the light to the side, the respective areas that are illuminated to different degrees are illuminated homogeneously and, in particular, have no color differences.
    Ultimately, both the efficiency and the light emission property of an optical element can be optimized with the aid of the solution according to the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    1. Optical element (10, 30) for influencing the light output of lighting means, in particular for influencing the light output of one or more LEDs (200), wherein the optical element (10, 30) consists of a translucent material and at least one surface area (12, 33, 35), which serves as a light-refracting light entry surface or light exit surface of the optical element (10, 30) and which has a non-planar, light-directing geometry that is produced by thermal processing, in particular by thermal deformation of the optical element (10, 30) or a tool used to produce the optical element (10, 30) with a corresponding shape, for example an injection molding tool, was created, characterized in that the light-refracting surface has a curvature; and / or that the light-directing geometry is formed by a prism-like structure (38).
    [2]
    2. Optical element according to claim 1, characterized in that the structure (20, 40) of the surface area (12, 33, 35) has a continuous, in particular a continuous and differentiable wave-like shape along a first direction, the structure (20 , 40) is formed by two superimposed continuous, in particular continuous and differentiable wave-like structures, which are preferably formed essentially perpendicular to one another: and / or that the structure is formed like a sawtooth or follows a geometry formed like a sawtooth; and / or that the structure (20, 40) can be described by a mathematical equation, preferably by superimposing several basic geometries which can be described with several sinusoidal functions.
    [3]
    3. Optical element according to claim 2, characterized in that the wave-like structure (20, 40) has a wavelength (MM in the range of approximately 50-500 μm and / or that the wave-like structure (20, 40) has elevations with a height ( h) in the range of about 5-100 µm.
    [4]
    4. Optical element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is formed from a crystal-clear material, preferably from plastic, glass or silicone; and / or that it is a lens.
    [5]
    5. An arrangement for emitting light with illuminants and an optical element (10, 30) for influencing the light emission, characterized in that the optical element (10, 30) is designed according to one of the preceding claims.
    [6]
    6. Tool with a corresponding shape for creating an optical element (10, 30) for influencing the light output of lighting means, in particular an injection molding tool, with a surface area that is used to form a light-refracting light entry surface or light exit surface of the optical element (10, 30) with a non- planar, light-directing geometry is provided, characterized in that the structure of the surface area is sawtooth-like or follows a sawtooth-like geometry; and / or that the structure (20, 40) of the surface area can be described by a mathematical equation, preferably by superimposing several basic geometries which can be described with several sinusoidal functions.
    In addition 4 sheets of drawings
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    同族专利:
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    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102015204665.6A|DE102015204665A1|2015-03-16|2015-03-16|Optical element for influencing the light output of lamps|
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